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国际谷物理事会:5月份全球粮食市场报告

06/04
2020
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国际谷物理事会:5月份全球粮食市场报告(2020.06.04) .zhubiaoti {font-family: 黑体;font-size:18pt;line-height:23pt; text-align:center;FONT-weight:800;color:black} .fubiaoti {font-family: 黑体;font-size:14pt;line-height:20pt; text-align:center;FONT-weight:700;color:black} .zhongwen{font-size:12pt;line-height:180%} .yingwen{font-size:13pt;line-height:150%} .tiyao{font-family: 楷体_GB2312;font-size:14pt;line-height:150%}   提要:国际谷物理事会发布的最新预测中,2020/2021年度全球粮食(小麦和粗粮)产量上调1200万吨,至22.3亿吨;消费量下调400万吨,至22.18亿吨;期末库存上调1000万吨,至6.27亿吨;国际贸易量上调300万吨,至3.87亿吨。5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数环比下跌1%。   (外脑精华·北京) 表1:全球粮食市场最新数据   2017/2018年度 2018/2019年度 2019/2020年度 2020/2021年度 4月30日预测 5月28日预测 小麦和粗粮     产量 21.37 21.37 21.77 22.18 22.30 国际贸易量 3.70 3.64 3.80 3.84 3.87 消费量 21.50 21.66 21.82 22.22 22.18 库存量 6.48 6.19 6.14 6.17 6.27 库存年度变化量 -0.13 -0.29 -0.05 -0.13 出口国/地区库存量 1.79 1.63 1.62 1.74 1.81 小麦     产量 7.62 7.31 7.62 7.64 7.66 国际贸易量 1.76 1.69 1.78 1.77 1.78 消费量 7.40 7. 40 7.48 7.55 7.50 库存量 2.69 2.60 2.74 2.89 2.90 库存年度变化量 0.22 -0.08 0.14 0.16 出口国/地区库存量 0.83 0.69 0.66 0.64 0.68 玉米     产量 10.90 11.29 11.18 11.58 11.69 国际贸易量 1.53 1.65 1.68 1.73 1.75 消费量 11.18 11.47 11.44 11.73 11.77 库存量 3.41 3.23 2.97 2.81 2.88 库存年度变化量 -0.28 -0.18 -0.26 -0.09 出口国/地区库存量 0.74 0.67 0.65 0.78 0.80 大豆     产量 3.45 3.62 3.36 3.64 3.63 国际贸易量 1.53 1.52 1.53 1.57 1.59 消费量 3.44 3.50 3.54 3.63 3.63 库存量 0.47 0.60 0.41 0.40 0.42 库存年度变化量 0.00 0.12 -0.18 0.01 出口国库存量 0.17 0.31 0.18 0.17 0.16 大米     产量 4.94 4.97 4.97 5.07 5.06 国际贸易量 0.46 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.44 消费量 4.85 4.88 4.94 5.02 5.00 库存量 1.64 1.74 1.76 1.81 1.82 库存年度变化量 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.05 出口国库存量 0.31 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.46   注:1、小麦和粗粮出口国/地区指:阿根廷、澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、乌克兰和美国。2、小麦出口国/地区指:阿根廷、澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、乌克兰和美国。3、粗粮出口国/地区指:阿根廷、巴西、乌克兰和美国。4、大米出口国/地区指:印度、巴基斯坦、泰国、美国和越南。5、大豆出口国/地区指:阿根廷、巴西和美国。   市场摘要   主要是基于对小粮作物产量数据的调整,2019/2020年度全球粮食(小麦和粗粮)产量预测数据上调100万吨至21.77亿吨,同比增长2%。全球工业用粮食消费量数据进一步下调(主要是基于美国乙醇行业玉米消费量数据下调),而且调减量超过了食用和饲用数据的调增量,因而全球大米消费量数据上调100万吨。基于欧盟、俄罗斯和土耳其的粮食库存数据下调,全球粮食库存数据下调600万吨。基于玉米和大麦贸易量数据下调,全球粮食贸易量数据下调100万吨。   基于玉米产量数据上调(包括美国和中国),2020/2021年度全球粮食产量预测数据上调1200万吨至22.3亿吨。基于工业用粮数据下调,2020/2021年度全球粮食消费量数据下调。基于小麦、玉米和黑麦库存数据上调,2020/2021年度全球粮食期末库存数据上调1000万吨,4年来首次实现同比增长(同比增长1300万吨)。基于小麦、玉米和高粱的贸易量数据上调,2020/2021年度全球粮食贸易量预测数据上调300万吨。   基于阿根廷和印度大豆产量数据下调,2019/2020年度全球大豆产量预测数据下调200万吨至3.36亿吨,同比下降7%。但期初库存数据的调增量超过了产量数据的调减量,而且全球大豆消费量数据下调,因而2019/2020年度全球大豆期末库存预测数据上调300万吨至4100万吨,同比大幅下降。基于巴西大豆产量数据调增量超过了其他国家大豆产量数据的调减量,2020/2021年度全球大豆产量数据小幅上调至.63亿吨,同比增长2700万吨。全球大豆消费量数据维持在创纪录的3.63亿吨的不变水平,同比增长2%,大豆库存增长是基于中国大豆库存增长。基于预期亚洲需求将增长,全球大豆贸易量预测数据上调200万吨至创纪录的1.59亿吨(同比增长600万吨)。   基于产量数据和消费量数据调减量相同,2019/2020年度全球大米库存预测数据维持在创纪录的1.76亿吨。基于其他亚洲国家大米产量数据的调减量度超过了中国大米产量数据的调增量,2020/2021年度全球大米产量预测数据小幅下调至5.06亿吨,仍处于创纪录水平,同比增长900万吨。基于消费量数据小幅下调,全球大米期末库存数据上调至创纪录的1.82亿吨,同比增长3%。2020/2021年度全球大米贸易量预测数据维持在4400万吨的不变水平,同比温和增长。   由于小麦、大米和大麦出口价格的跌幅超过了玉米和大豆出口价格的涨幅,5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数环比下跌1%。   供求态势   预计小麦和大麦创纪录的产量将足以抵消玉米的减产量,因而预计2019/2020年度全球粮食(小麦和粗粮)产量将增长4000万吨至21.77亿吨,仅略低于2016/2017年度所创的历史记录水平。鉴于工业用粮食消费量的降幅将超过食用和饲用粮食消费量的降幅,预计全球粮食消费量将同比增长1%。预计全球粮食库存将略降,而小麦、大麦和黑麦的库存增幅与玉米库存的降幅将基本相抵。预计小麦、玉米、大麦和高粱贸易量的增长将推动全球零售贸易量增长。   预计2020/2021年度全球粮食产量达到创纪录的22.3亿吨(同比增长5400万吨),其中小麦和玉米产量将双双创下历史新高,分别同比增长400万吨和5000万吨。鉴于食用和饲用粮食消费量将增长以及工业用粮需求回升,预计全球粮食消费量将创历史新高。鉴于其他作物库存的增幅将超过连续第4年下降的玉米期末库存的降幅,预计全球粮食库存将实现4年来的以来的首次增长,增至6.27亿吨(同比增长1300万吨)。预计玉米进口量连续第12年增长将推动全球粮食贸易量同比增长2%至创纪录的3.87亿吨。   虽然巴西大豆产量创下历史新高,但由于美国大豆大幅减产,预计2019/2020年度全球大豆产量将同比下降7%,阿根廷、加拿大和印度的大豆也将减产。鉴于消费量将略增,预计全球大豆库存将大幅下降,主要是由于美国大豆库存锐减。鉴于中国进口量的增幅将超过其他国家进口量的降幅,预计全球粮食贸易量将同比增长1%。鉴于美国大豆产量有望大幅增长,预计2020/2021年度全球大豆产量预计将同比增长8%至3.63亿吨。虽然全球大豆消费量可能将创下历史新高,但预计全球大豆期末库存将会同比略增至4200万吨,中国大豆库存的增幅将超过其他国家大豆库存的降幅。预计中国进口量的再度增长将推动全球大豆贸易量同比增长4%。   鉴于印度大米产量将创历史新高,而其他国家的大米将减产,预计2019/2020年度全球大米产量将同比持平。虽然新冠疫情对需求模式的全面影响仍不确定,但预计人口增长将推动全球大米消费量增长。在在供应量充足情况下,预计中国和全球主要大米出口国的大米库存的增长将推动全球大米库存创下历史新高,而2020年全球大米贸易预计将会同比持平。预计亚洲大米种植面积的增长将推动2020/2021年度全球大米产量增至创纪录的5.06亿吨,同比增长900万吨,预计全球主要大米出口国的大米库存增长将推动全球大米期末库存增至创纪录的1.82亿吨。预计非洲需求的回升将推动2021年全球大米贸易量同比增长4%。   价格动向   由于各种作物价格指数涨跌不一,5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数环比下跌1%。鉴于全球小麦供应量充足以及新冠疫情令人担忧,5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数中的小麦日交价格指数环比下跌4%。欧洲部分地区和黑海地区的旱情对小麦价格构成了一定的支撑。   5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数中玉米日交价格指数环比上涨4%,主要是由于出口需求增长和一些与内河航运有关的驳船运输受到限制推动了美国玉米价格大幅上涨。   在经过3月份的大幅上涨后,5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数中的大米日交价格指数环比下跌3%,主要是由于需求减少以及季节性压力不大造成泰国大米价格下跌。   5月份国际谷物理事会粮食和油籽日交价格指数中的大豆日交价格指数环比上涨4%。南美大豆价格涨幅最高,这一方面是由于巴西的出口需求旺盛以及阿根廷大豆出口面临运输不畅的难题。   英文原文:Grain Market Report   HIGHLIGHTS   Mainly because of adjustments for minor grains, the forecast for world total grains (wheat and coarse grains) production in 2019/20 is 1m t higher m/m (month-on-month), at 2,177m, an increase of 2% y/y (year-on-year). A further cut for industrial use, mostly for maize-based ethanol in the USA, is outweighed by upgrades for food and feed, lifting global consumption by 1m t m/m. Including downward adjustments for the EU, Russia and Turkey, the outlook for world stocks is reduced by 6m t m/m. The forecast for trade is trimmed by 1m t from before on smaller maize and barley shipments.   Led by higher maize crop prospects (including in the USA and China), the projection for global total grains production in 2020/21 is up by 12m t m/m, to 2,230m (+2% y/y). The consumption number is lowered owing to a weaker outlook for the industrial sector. Increases for wheat, maize and rye raise the world stocks forecast by 10m t m/m, with the first rise in all-grains inventories in four years anticipated (+13m t). Higher than previously projected shipments of wheat, maize and sorghum boost the 2020/21 (Jul/Jun) trade number by 3m t m/m.   Downward revisions for Argentina and India lower the global 2019/20 soyabean production estimate by 2m t, to 336m, a drop of 7% y/y. However, this is more than offset by a higher figure for carry-ins and, with consumption trimmed, stocks are raised by 3m t, to 41m, significantly tighter y/y. With an upgrade for Brazil outweighed by reductions for minor producers, world output in 2020/21 is pegged marginally lower m/m, at 363m t, a 27m y/y gain. Total use is unchanged m/m, at a record of 363m t, up by 2% y/y, with stocks lifted on an uprated outlook for accumulation in China. Traded volumes are forecast 2m t higher m/m, at a peak of 159m (+6m y/y), on increased expectations for Asian demand.   With a cut to production and total supplies matched by an equivalent reduction in consumption, global rice inventories in 2019/20 are forecast unchanged m/m, at a record of 176m t. With upward revisions for India and China outweighed by downgrades for other Asian countries, the 2020/21 world output projection is lowered marginally, to 506m t, still up by 9m y/y and a record. With the outlook for consumption trimmed slightly, carryovers are raised to a peak of 182m t, a 3% y/y increase. Trade in 2021 is predicted steady from before, at 44m t, moderately higher y/y.   The IGC Grains and Oilseeds Index (GOI) gained 1% m/m, as weaker export prices for wheat, rice and barley were offset by increases for maize and soyabeans.   OVERVIEW   Record harvests of wheat and barley are expected to outweigh a poorer maize crop to lift world total grains (wheat and coarse grains) production by 40m t in 2019/20, to 2,177m, only modestly below the all-time peak in 2016/17. Consumption is forecast to climb by 1%, as growth for food and feed more than offset lower industrial usage. Only a small stock drawdown of total grains is envisaged, with accumulations of wheat, barley and rye almost enough to compensate for another sizeable decline of maize inventories. Record trade is forecast, including increased shipments of wheat, maize, barley and sorghum.   World total grains production in 2020/21 is projected at an all-time high of 2,230m t (+54m y/y), including record harvests of wheat (+4m) and maize (+50m). Consumption is seen reaching a new peak, with larger food and feed usage as well as a recovery in industrial demand. The first rise in global stocks for four seasons is predicted, to 627m t (+13m y/y), as the fourth successive drop in maize carryovers is outweighed by gains for other grains. A twelfth consecutive annual rise in maize shipments is largely behind projected 2% growth in world grains trade, to a new high of 387m t.   Despite a record Brazilian harvest, global soyabean output in 2019/20 is seen down by 7% y/y on a heavily reduced US crop, along with smaller outturns in Argentina, Canada and India. With consumption edging up, stocks are set to tighten sharply, mostly on a sizeable contraction in the US. Trade is seen up by 1% y/y, as bigger shipments to China more than offset reduced demand from other buyers. Given prospects for a much larger US crop, 2020/21 global production is predicted to rise by 8% y/y, to 363m t. While consumption is likely to climb to a new peak, carryovers are seen a fraction higher y/y, at 42m t; nominal accumulation in China is seen offsetting falls elsewhere. With another increase in China’s purchases anticipated, world trade is projected to expand by 4% y/y.   With record production in India contrasting with smaller crops elsewhere, global rice output is estimated steady y/y in 2019/20. While the full impact of COVID-19 on demand patterns remains uncertain, the Council expects total use to rise on population growth. Amid heavy supplies, stocks are forecast to climb to a new high on gains in China and major exporters, while trade in 2020 is seen steady y/y. Tied to anticipated acreage increases in Asia, the 2020/21 world rice outturn is predicted at a peak of 506m t, up 9m y/y, with accumulation in key exporters pushing up global carryovers to a record of 182m. A recovery in African demand could boost trade by 4% y/y in 2021.   MARKET SUMMARY   The IGC GOI increased by 1% m/m, with mixed movements across the sub-components.   Weighed partly by ample world supply prospects and worries about coronavirus, the IGC GOI wheat sub-Index dipped by 1%. Losses were contained by dry weather in parts of Europe and the Black Sea region.   The IGC GOI maize sub-Index gained by 4% since the last GMR, led by a solid rebound in US values, tied to stronger export demand and some flood-related barge restrictions on internal waterways.   After a steep rally in the previous month, the IGC GOI rice sub-Index fell by 3% in May, mainly due to losses in Thailand, where subdued buying interest and light seasonal pressure were observed.   The IGC GOI soyabeans sub-Index rose by a net 4% m/m. The strongest gains were in South America, partly reflecting strong export demand in Brazil and logistical difficulties in Argentina. 来源:国际谷物理事会 \t
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